CRY2/CRY2

Photoreceptor CRY2
Binding partner /
Cofactor FAD
Source organism Arabidopsis thaliana
Mode of action homooligomerization
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time minutes
Crystal structure of CRY2. (PDB ID: 6K8I)

CRY2/CRY2-derived switches:

Related original publications

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  1. An optogenetic approach to control and monitor inflammasome activation. bioRxiv, 2023
  2. Optogenetic strategies for optimizing the performance of biosensors of membrane phospholipids in live cells. bioRxiv, 2023
  3. Optogenetic control of Wnt signaling models cell-intrinsic embryogenic patterning using 2D human pluripotent stem cell culture. Development, 2023
  4. Optogenetic dissection of RET signaling reveals robust activation of ERK and enhanced filopodia-like protrusions of regenerating axons. Mol Brain, 2023
  5. Sequence- and structure-specific RNA oligonucleotide binding attenuates heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 dysfunction. Front Mol Biosci, 2023
  6. mRNA condensation fluidizes the cytoplasm. bioRxiv, 2023
  7. Optogenetic Activation of Ripk3 Reveals a Thresholding Mechanism in Intracellular and Intercellular Necroptosis. J Comput Soc Sci, 2023
  8. Mechanosensitive stem cell fate choice is instructed by dynamic fluctuations in activation of Rho GTPases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2023
  9. Optogenetic manipulation identifies the roles of ERK and AKT dynamics in controlling mouse embryonic stem cell exit from pluripotency. Dev Cell, 2023
  10. Light-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islet-like organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Ther, 2023
  11. Interaction between PI3K and the VDAC2 channel tethers Ras-PI3K-positive endosomes to mitochondria and promotes endosome maturation. Cell Rep, 2023
  12. Enhancing Mitochondrial Functions by Optogenetic Clustering. bioRxiv, 2022
  13. Spatiotemporal control of ERK pulse frequency coordinates fate decisions during mammary acinar morphogenesis. Dev Cell, 2022
  14. CRY-BARs: Versatile light-gated molecular tools for the remodeling of membrane architectures. J Biol Chem, 2022
  15. LITOS: a versatile LED illumination tool for optogenetic stimulation. Sci Rep, 2022
  16. Visual detection of submicroscopic protein clusters with a phase-separation-based fluorescent reporter. bioRxiv, 2022
  17. Integration of light and temperature sensing by liquid-liquid phase separation of phytochrome B. Mol Cell, 2022
  18. Optical control of protein delivery and partitioning in the nucleolus. Nucleic Acids Res, 2022
  19. The rate of information transmission through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway stimulated in a pulsatile manner. bioRxiv, 2022
  20. Oncogenic protein condensates modulate cell signal perception and drug tolerance. bioRxiv, 2022
  21. Nucleation of the destruction complex on the centrosome accelerates degradation of β-catenin and regulates Wnt signal transmission. bioRxiv, 2022
  22. Wnt Signaling Rescues Amyloid Beta-Induced Gut Stem Cell Loss. Cells, 2022
  23. Substratum stiffness regulates Erk signaling dynamics through receptor-level control. Cell Rep, 2021
  24. Temperature-responsive optogenetic probes of cell signaling. Nat Chem Biol, 2021
  25. Stress ball morphogenesis: How the lizard builds its lung. Sci Adv, 2021
  26. Formation of nuclear condensates by the Mediator complex subunit Med15 in mammalian cells. BMC Biol, 2021
  27. Aberrant Phase Separation of FUS Leads to Lysosome Sequestering and Acidification. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021
  28. Wnt signaling rescues amyloid beta induced stem cell loss. bioRxiv, 2021
  29. SATB1 undergoes isoform-specific phase transitions in T cells. bioRxiv, 2021
  30. A Non-Canonical Raf Function Is Required for Dorsal-Ventral Patterning During Drosophila Embryogenesis. bioRxiv, 2021
  31. An optogenetic proximity labeling approach to probe the composition of inducible biomolecular condensates in cultured cells. STAR Protoc, 2021
  32. Spatiotemporal sensitivity of mesoderm specification to FGFR signalling in the Drosophila embryo. Sci Rep, 2021
  33. TOR signaling regulates liquid phase separation of the SMN complex governing snRNP biogenesis. Cell Rep, 2021
  34. Positive feedback between the T cell kinase Zap70 and its substrate LAT acts as a clustering-dependent signaling switch. Cell Rep, 2021
  35. Collective ERK/Akt activity waves orchestrate epithelial homeostasis by driving apoptosis-induced survival. Dev Cell, 2021
  36. Robustness of epithelial sealing is an emerging property of local ERK feedback driven by cell elimination. Dev Cell, 2021
  37. Optogenetic Control of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway During Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development. J Mol Biol, 2021
  38. Optogenetic-induced multimerization of the dopamine transporter increases uptake and trafficking to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem, 2021
  39. Optogenetic Control of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death. Adv Biology, 2021
  40. Optogenetic control of calcium influx in mammalian cells. Methods Enzymol, 2021
  41. Multiple Sclerosis-Associated hnRNPA1 Mutations Alter hnRNPA1 Dynamics and Influence Stress Granule Formation. Int J Mol Sci, 2021
  42. TopBP1 assembles nuclear condensates to switch on ATR signaling. Mol Cell, 2021
  43. Liquid-liquid phase separation of light-inducible transcription factors increases transcription activation in mammalian cells and mice. Sci Adv, 2021
  44. Engineering Supramolecular Organizing Centers for Optogenetic Control of Innate Immune Responses. Adv Biol, 2020
  45. Use of Optogenetic Amyloid-β to Monitor Protein Aggregation in Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio and Caenorhabditis elegans. Bio Protoc, 2020
  46. Spatio-temporal Control of ERK Pulse Frequency Coordinates Fate Decisions during Mammary Acinar Morphogenesis. bioRxiv, 2020
  47. Spatiotemporal sensitivity of embryonic heart specification to FGFR signaling in Drosophila. bioRxiv, 2020
  48. β-Catenin signaling dynamics regulate cell fate in differentiating neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020
  49. Clustering-based positive feedback between a kinase and its substrate enables effective T-cell receptor signaling. bioRxiv, 2020
  50. DMA-tudor interaction modules control the specificity of in vivo condensates. bioRxiv, 2020
  51. Novel culture system via wirelessly controllable optical stimulation of the FGF signaling pathway for human and pig pluripotency. Biomaterials, 2020
  52. Engineered Illumination Devices for Optogenetic Control of Cellular Signaling Dynamics. Cell Rep, 2020
  53. Optical Activation of TrkB Signaling. J Mol Biol, 2020
  54. Clustering of the ζ-Chain Can Initiate T Cell Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci, 2020
  55. CLIC4 is a cytokinetic cleavage furrow protein that regulates cortical cytoskeleton stability during cell division. J Cell Sci, 2020
  56. Dynamic Fas signaling network regulates neural stem cell proliferation and memory enhancement. Sci Adv, 2020
  57. Application of optogenetic Amyloid-β distinguishes between metabolic and physical damage in neurodegeneration. Elife, 2020
  58. An Optogenetic Method to Study Signal Transduction in Intestinal StemCell Homeostasis. J Mol Biol, 2020
  59. Optogenetic manipulation of calcium signals in single T cells in vivo. Nat Commun, 2020
  60. Optogenetic modulation of TrkB signaling in the mouse brain. J Mol Biol, 2020
  61. Non-invasive optical control of endogenous Ca2+ channels in awake mice. Nat Commun, 2020
  62. Locally Activating TrkB Receptor Generates Actin Waves and Specifies Axonal Fate. Cell Chem Biol, 2019
  63. Optogenetic control of Wnt signaling for modeling early embryogenic patterning with human pluripotent stem cells. bioRxiv, 2019
  64. Engineering Strategy and Vector Library for the Rapid Generation of Modular Light-Controlled Protein-Protein Interactions. J Mol Biol, 2019
  65. Light-based control of metabolic flux through assembly of synthetic organelles. Nat Chem Biol, 2019
  66. Chronic optogenetic induction of stress granules is cytotoxic and reveals the evolution of ALS-FTD pathology. Elife, 2019
  67. RNA Binding Antagonizes Neurotoxic Phase Transitions of TDP-43. Neuron, 2019
  68. Continued Activity of the Pioneer Factor Zelda Is Required to Drive Zygotic Genome Activation. Mol Cell, 2019
  69. Intensiometric biosensors visualize the activity of multiple small GTPases in vivo. Nat Commun, 2019
  70. Liquid Nuclear Condensates Mechanically Sense and Restructure the Genome. Cell, 2018
  71. Optogenetic dissection of Rac1 and Cdc42 gradient shaping. Nat Commun, 2018
  72. Optical activation of TrkA signaling. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  73. Protein Phase Separation Provides Long-Term Memory of Transient Spatial Stimuli. Cell Syst, 2018
  74. Filopodia Conduct Target Selection in Cortical Neurons Using Differences in Signal Kinetics of a Single Kinase. Neuron, 2018
  75. Coupling optogenetics and light-sheet microscopy, a method to study Wnt signaling during embryogenesis. Sci Rep, 2017
  76. Optogenetic control of focal adhesion kinase signaling. Cell Signal, 2017
  77. Understanding CRY2 interactions for optical control of intracellular signaling. Nat Commun, 2017
  78. Decoding temporal interpretation of the morphogen Bicoid in the early Drosophila embryo. Elife, 2017
  79. Optogenetic protein clustering through fluorescent protein tagging and extension of CRY2. Nat Commun, 2017
  80. Optogenetic activation of Plexin-B1 reveals contact repulsion between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Nat Commun, 2017
  81. Spatiotemporal Control of Intracellular Phase Transitions Using Light-Activated optoDroplets. Cell, 2016
  82. Optogenetic clustering of CNK1 reveals mechanistic insights in RAF and AKT signalling controlling cell fate decisions. Sci Rep, 2016
  83. Using HEK293T Expression System to Study Photoactive Plant Cryptochromes. Front Plant Sci, 2016
  84. Optogenetic activation of axon guidance receptors controls direction of neurite outgrowth. Sci Rep, 2016
  85. Optogenetically controlled RAF to characterize BRAF and CRAF protein kinase inhibitors. Sci Rep, 2016
  86. Optogenetic control of endogenous Ca(2+) channels in vivo. Nat Biotechnol, 2015
  87. The Dual Characteristics of Light-Induced Cryptochrome 2, Homo-oligomerization and Heterodimerization, for Optogenetic Manipulation in Mammalian Cells. ACS Synth Biol, 2015
  88. Regulation of endogenous transmembrane receptors through optogenetic Cry2 clustering. Nat Commun, 2015
  89. An optimized optogenetic clustering tool for probing protein interaction and function. Nat Commun, 2014
  90. Spatiotemporal control of fibroblast growth factor receptor signals by blue light. Chem Biol, 2014
  91. Light-inducible receptor tyrosine kinases that regulate neurotrophin signalling. Nat Commun, 2014
  92. Optogenetic control of protein kinase activity in mammalian cells. ACS Synth Biol, 2013
  93. Formation of Arabidopsis Cryptochrome 2 photobodies in mammalian nuclei: application as an optogenetic DNA damage checkpoint switch. J Biol Chem, 2013
  94. Optogenetic protein clustering and signaling activation in mammalian cells. Nat Methods, 2013
  95. Optogenetic actuator - ERK biosensor circuits identify MAPK network nodes that shape ERK dynamics. Mol Syst Biol, 2022